Indigenous Business Resources

Overview

This guide curates relevant and useful business resources to support UCW students, faculty, and staff in researching, understanding, and engaging with Indigenous businesses.

To work effectively with Indigenous businesses to achieve a smooth and successful outcome, it is critical to be informed about the history and continued ramifications of colonization and how the fraught past impacts current relationships and business practices.

This highlights the importance of the 3Rs:

  • Recognition: Acknowledging the legitimacy of Indigenous peoples and their rights.
  • Respect: Ensuring that Indigenous peoples are treated as equals and that their cultures, worldviews, and rights are honoured.
  • Reconciliation: Efforts to heal previous misdeeds and create a future based on equality, justice, and mutual understanding, while also addressing the long-standing impacts of colonialism

Other key principles and ideas such as Indigenous data governance and data sovereignty (CARE and OCAP), cultural protocols, and the sovereignty and self-governance of Indigenous communities, must also be considered when working with or researching Indigenous Peoples and businesses.

If you have any questions or concerns or if you would like to provide feedback, please email us at [email protected]

Books and eBooks

This section showcases books with various themes around understanding Indigenous businesses, including but not limited to their histories, principles, successes, issues, and challenges.

 

 

Indigenomics : Taking a Seat at the Economic Table by Carol Anne Hilton
Format: eBook
Publication Date: 2021


 

 

21 things you may not know about the Indian Act : helping Canadians make reconciliation with Indigenous Peoples a reality by Bob Joseph
Format: Print; Located in the Vancouver House Library (KE7709.2 .J67 2018)
Publication Date: 2018


 

 

Indigenous Perspectives on Business Ethics and Business Law in British Columbia by Annette Sorensen; Scott van Dyk
Format: eBook (OER)
Publication Date: 2022


 

 

Decolonizing Employment : Aboriginal Inclusion in Canada's Labour Market by Shauna Mackinnon
Format: eBook
Publication Date: 2015


 

 

Sovereign Entrepreneurs : Cherokee Small-Business Owners and the Making of Economic Sovereignty by Courtney Lewis
Format: eBook
Publication Date: 2019


 

 

Earth Matters : Indigenous Peoples, the Extractive Industries and Corporate Social Responsibility edited by Ciaran O' Fairchealliagh; Saleem Ali
Format: eBook
Publication Date: 2008


 

 

New Frontiers in the Internationalization of Businesses: Empirical Evidence from Indigenous Businesses in Canada by Fernando Angulo-Ruiz
Format: eBook
Publication Date: 2020


 

 

Building a Competitive First Nation Investment Climate by Tulo Centre of Indigenous Economics
Format: Textbook (OER)
Publication Date: 2014


 

 

Indigenous Spiritualities at Work : Transforming the Spirit of Enterprise edited by Chellie Spiller; Rachel Wolfgramm
Format: eBook
Publication Date: 2015


 

 

Indigenous Business in Canada : Principles and Practice edited by Keith Brown; Mary Beth Doucette; Janice Esther Tulk
Format: eBook
Publication Date: 2016


 

 

Working effectively with Indigenous peoples by Robert Joseph; Cynthia Joseph
Format: Print; Located in the Vancouver House Library (E78.C2 J68 2017; E78.C2 J68 2017 c.2)
Publication Date: 2017


 

 

Economic Aspects of the Indigenous Experience in Canada, 2nd edition by Anya Hageman; Pauline Galoustian
Format: eBook (OER)
Publication Date: 2024

Articles & Reports

These articles provide an overview and background information on Indigenous entrepreneurship. You can search for more articles and reports via UCanSearch using some of the suggested subject terms and searches.

  • Defining Indigenous Business in Canada (2021): A report that establishes a definition for Indigenous Business, addresses the problem of false claims of Indigenous identity in business, and emphasizes the need for ethical standards and further consultation with Indigenous communities. Ultimately, it aims to support economic reconciliation and meaningful participation of Indigenous peoples in Canada’s economy.
  • Indigenous entrepreneurship? Setting the record straight (2024): The article attempts to historically situate entrepreneurial processes in settler society and expose the role of power in the relationship between entrepreneurship and institutions in society over time.
  • Entrepreneurship by Indigenous people in Canada and Australia: diverse modes and community implications (2024): The authors aim to offer an integrative framework for capturing the contemporary dynamics and outcomes of entrepreneurship by Indigenous people as they pursue venture creation as part of their broader development aspirations.
  • Indigenous Entrepreneurship. Current issues and future lines (2022): A review of studies on Indigenous entrepreneurship. The article can help identify some critical themes as well as published research and articles on Indigenous research.
  • An Overview of Indigenous Economies within Canada (2024): An overview of Indigenous economies in Canada covering characteristics, compositions, and issues, amongst other things.
  • Adàwe: Export Experiences of Indigenous Entrepreneurs (2023): Over 2600 Indigenous businesses surveyed to understand their export market interests and experiences.
  • Atāmitowin: Export Experiences of Indigenous Entrepreneurs (2024): A sequel to the Adàwe report, focusing on the barriers to growth and export faced by Indigenous businesses, and identifying supports needed to help them succeed internationally

Business Listings/Directories

Use these resources to find Indigenous businesses in British Columbia and Canada.

ResourceOverviewAdditional Information
Indigenous Service Canada Business DirectoryThe detailed company search allows you to search verified businesses with at least 51% Indigenous ownership and control.
  • The directory has several filters such as industry, market interests, total sales range, employee size, location, etc.
  • It supports searching with various codes including NAICS and DUNS numbers.
  • You can also download the result in CSV format for potential analyses.
BC Indigenous Business ListingsIndigenous business based in British Columbia. The dataset can be visualized via iMapsBC, a web-based mapping application.

How to view the listings:

  1. Visit iMapsBC.
  2. Click on "Add layers now" and a dialogue box should pop up.
  3. Search for "BC Indigenous Business Listings" and select it. Make sure to tick the accompanying checkbox and click "OK"
  4. The data will now be layered on map.
  5. Click "Find" on the toolbar tab.
  6. Choose one of the options (“Rectangle” may work best)
  7. Drag the cursor across your area of interest and the list of businesses will appear.

You can switch to table mode, download the list, etc., by clicking on the hamburger menu next to the listing title.

Funding & Support

These organizations serve and offer various funding opportunities and support to Indigenous businesses. Review their pages to learn about their requirements and how their fund and grants can be accessed.

OrganizationDetails
National Aboriginal Capital Corporations Association (NACCA)A network of Indigenous financial institutions focused on advancing economic growth and development of indigenous peoples by providing access to capital and business opportunities.
BDC Indigenous Business FinancingThe Crown corporation department’s initiative that offers financing for entrepreneurs of Indigenous descent.
Canadian Council for Indigenous BusinessGrants and funding opportunities for small Indigenous businesses.
First Citizens Fund Business Loan ProgramBusiness loans for BC’s Indigenous entrepreneurs.
Peace Hills TrustCanada’s only independent Trust Company offering business financing for First Nations.
Aboriginal Entrepreneurship Program: Access to CapitalA Government of Canada initiative that is administered through NACCA for Indigenous individuals, businesses, organizations, and associations.
First Nations Finance Authority (FNFA)A product of the First Nations Fiscal Management Act (FNFMA) that is focused on raising funding for First Nations.

Library Databases

These databases are available via the UCW Library"

DatabaseDetails
Canadian Business & Current Affairs DatabaseA high-quality database that includes Canadian perspective on several subjects, including Indigenous-related issues.
Canadian Points of View Reference SourceThis multidisciplinary database covers important social, political, and cultural moments in Canada, and offers critical analysis of several topics, including Indigenous contents.

Other databases such as ABI/Inform and Business Source Ultimate also have quality contents on indigenous businesses. 

To see more library databases, go to the Databases A-Z page.

Open Access Databases

These OA databases are available freely via the web:

DatabaseDetails
Indigenous Studies Portal – Business and Economic DevelopmentThe Indigenous Studies Portal contains a wealth of information on Indigenous topics and issues. You can find scholarly articles, books, films and videos, sound recordings, oral histories, etc in it.
The National Film Board of CanadaIt offers documentaries, animations, films and other media resources.

Case Studies

Find case studies focusing on Indigenous Businesses here:

 

Magazines

News Sources

These sources cover Indigenous-specific news, events, and happenings in Canada, and can be valuable resources for staying up to date.

Additional Resources

Some additional useful resources are listed here:

Searching

Try these suggested searches and subject terms to find information related to Indigenous businesses in academic databases such as ABI/INFORM Collection and Business Source Ultimate.

To learn more about how to search, review our general research guides.

Suggested searches in business databasesSubject Terms
Indigenous AND (business OR entrepreneur OR enterprise) AND CanadaNATIVE American business enterprises
Indigenous business enterprises Canada StatisticsIndigenous Peoples – Canada
“First Nations” OR Aboriginal OR “Indigenous People” OR Native “North Americans”Indigenous Business
 Indigenous business enterprises
 Indigenous & Northern Communities

Please note that terms like 'Aboriginal' or 'Native' are often outdated or reductive in contemporary discourse, however, they remain embedded in legacy indexing and historical Library of Congress Subject Headings. To ensure a comprehensive search, these terms may be necessary as keywords, even if they are not appropriate for use in your final writing.

Citation

 

 

Current APA guidelines categorize Indigenous Elders and Traditional Knowledge as Personal Communications

However, scholars have noted that this designation can inadvertently lead to the marginalization of oral histories. To address these systemic gaps and ensure respectful representation, the book 'Element of Indigenous Style: A Guide for Writing and about Indigenous Peoples' provides a specialized framework for citing Indigenous sources with the appropriate cultural weight.

For generic and non-oral history resources, use APA instead. The UCW Library APA Quick Guide contains several examples on how to cite varying information sources of these kinds.

 

Test Your Knowledge

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