This guide curates relevant and useful business resources to support UCW students, faculty, and staff in researching, understanding, and engaging with Indigenous businesses.
To work effectively with Indigenous businesses to achieve a smooth and successful outcome, it is critical to be informed about the history and continued ramifications of colonization and how the fraught past impacts current relationships and business practices.
This highlights the importance of the 3Rs:
Other key principles and ideas such as Indigenous data governance and data sovereignty (CARE and OCAP), cultural protocols, and the sovereignty and self-governance of Indigenous communities, must also be considered when working with or researching Indigenous Peoples and businesses.
If you have any questions or concerns or if you would like to provide feedback, please email us at [email protected]
This section showcases books with various themes around understanding Indigenous businesses, including but not limited to their histories, principles, successes, issues, and challenges.
Indigenomics : Taking a Seat at the Economic Table by Carol Anne Hilton
Format: eBook
Publication Date: 2021
21 things you may not know about the Indian Act : helping Canadians make reconciliation with Indigenous Peoples a reality by Bob Joseph
Format: Print; Located in the Vancouver House Library (KE7709.2 .J67 2018)
Publication Date: 2018
Indigenous Perspectives on Business Ethics and Business Law in British Columbia by Annette Sorensen; Scott van Dyk
Format: eBook (OER)
Publication Date: 2022
Decolonizing Employment : Aboriginal Inclusion in Canada's Labour Market by Shauna Mackinnon
Format: eBook
Publication Date: 2015
Sovereign Entrepreneurs : Cherokee Small-Business Owners and the Making of Economic Sovereignty by Courtney Lewis
Format: eBook
Publication Date: 2019
Earth Matters : Indigenous Peoples, the Extractive Industries and Corporate Social Responsibility edited by Ciaran O' Fairchealliagh; Saleem Ali
Format: eBook
Publication Date: 2008
New Frontiers in the Internationalization of Businesses: Empirical Evidence from Indigenous Businesses in Canada by Fernando Angulo-Ruiz
Format: eBook
Publication Date: 2020
Building a Competitive First Nation Investment Climate by Tulo Centre of Indigenous Economics
Format: Textbook (OER)
Publication Date: 2014
Indigenous Spiritualities at Work : Transforming the Spirit of Enterprise edited by Chellie Spiller; Rachel Wolfgramm
Format: eBook
Publication Date: 2015
Indigenous Business in Canada : Principles and Practice edited by Keith Brown; Mary Beth Doucette; Janice Esther Tulk
Format: eBook
Publication Date: 2016
Working effectively with Indigenous peoples by Robert Joseph; Cynthia Joseph
Format: Print; Located in the Vancouver House Library (E78.C2 J68 2017; E78.C2 J68 2017 c.2)
Publication Date: 2017
Economic Aspects of the Indigenous Experience in Canada, 2nd edition by Anya Hageman; Pauline Galoustian
Format: eBook (OER)
Publication Date: 2024
These articles provide an overview and background information on Indigenous entrepreneurship. You can search for more articles and reports via UCanSearch using some of the suggested subject terms and searches.
Use these resources to find Indigenous businesses in British Columbia and Canada.
| Resource | Overview | Additional Information |
| Indigenous Service Canada Business Directory | The detailed company search allows you to search verified businesses with at least 51% Indigenous ownership and control. |
|
| BC Indigenous Business Listings | Indigenous business based in British Columbia. The dataset can be visualized via iMapsBC, a web-based mapping application. | How to view the listings:
You can switch to table mode, download the list, etc., by clicking on the hamburger menu next to the listing title. |
These organizations serve and offer various funding opportunities and support to Indigenous businesses. Review their pages to learn about their requirements and how their fund and grants can be accessed.
| Organization | Details |
| National Aboriginal Capital Corporations Association (NACCA) | A network of Indigenous financial institutions focused on advancing economic growth and development of indigenous peoples by providing access to capital and business opportunities. |
| BDC Indigenous Business Financing | The Crown corporation department’s initiative that offers financing for entrepreneurs of Indigenous descent. |
| Canadian Council for Indigenous Business | Grants and funding opportunities for small Indigenous businesses. |
| First Citizens Fund Business Loan Program | Business loans for BC’s Indigenous entrepreneurs. |
| Peace Hills Trust | Canada’s only independent Trust Company offering business financing for First Nations. |
| Aboriginal Entrepreneurship Program: Access to Capital | A Government of Canada initiative that is administered through NACCA for Indigenous individuals, businesses, organizations, and associations. |
| First Nations Finance Authority (FNFA) | A product of the First Nations Fiscal Management Act (FNFMA) that is focused on raising funding for First Nations. |
These databases are available via the UCW Library"
| Database | Details |
| Canadian Business & Current Affairs Database | A high-quality database that includes Canadian perspective on several subjects, including Indigenous-related issues. |
| Canadian Points of View Reference Source | This multidisciplinary database covers important social, political, and cultural moments in Canada, and offers critical analysis of several topics, including Indigenous contents. |
Other databases such as ABI/Inform and Business Source Ultimate also have quality contents on indigenous businesses.
To see more library databases, go to the Databases A-Z page.
These OA databases are available freely via the web:
| Database | Details |
| Indigenous Studies Portal – Business and Economic Development | The Indigenous Studies Portal contains a wealth of information on Indigenous topics and issues. You can find scholarly articles, books, films and videos, sound recordings, oral histories, etc in it. |
| The National Film Board of Canada | It offers documentaries, animations, films and other media resources. |
Find case studies focusing on Indigenous Businesses here:
These sources cover Indigenous-specific news, events, and happenings in Canada, and can be valuable resources for staying up to date.
Some additional useful resources are listed here:
Try these suggested searches and subject terms to find information related to Indigenous businesses in academic databases such as ABI/INFORM Collection and Business Source Ultimate.
To learn more about how to search, review our general research guides.
| Suggested searches in business databases | Subject Terms |
| Indigenous AND (business OR entrepreneur OR enterprise) AND Canada | NATIVE American business enterprises |
| Indigenous business enterprises Canada Statistics | Indigenous Peoples – Canada |
| “First Nations” OR Aboriginal OR “Indigenous People” OR Native “North Americans” | Indigenous Business |
| Indigenous business enterprises | |
| Indigenous & Northern Communities |
Please note that terms like 'Aboriginal' or 'Native' are often outdated or reductive in contemporary discourse, however, they remain embedded in legacy indexing and historical Library of Congress Subject Headings. To ensure a comprehensive search, these terms may be necessary as keywords, even if they are not appropriate for use in your final writing.
Current APA guidelines categorize Indigenous Elders and Traditional Knowledge as Personal Communications.
However, scholars have noted that this designation can inadvertently lead to the marginalization of oral histories. To address these systemic gaps and ensure respectful representation, the book 'Element of Indigenous Style: A Guide for Writing and about Indigenous Peoples' provides a specialized framework for citing Indigenous sources with the appropriate cultural weight.
For generic and non-oral history resources, use APA instead. The UCW Library APA Quick Guide contains several examples on how to cite varying information sources of these kinds.
Did you go through this guide? Try and answer these few questions: